Linux: Find Out Which Process Is Listening Upon a Port

How do I find out running processes were associated with each open port? How do I find out what process has open tcp port 111 or udp port 7000 under Linux?
 
You can the following programs to find out about port numbers and its associated process:

1. netstat – a command-line tool that displays network connections, routing tables, and a number of network interface statistics.
2. fuser – a command line tool to identify processes using files or sockets.
3. lsof – a command line tool to list open files under Linux / UNIX to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them.
4. /proc/$pid/ file system – Under Linux /proc includes a directory for each running process (including kernel processes) at /proc/PID, containing information about that process, notably including the processes name that opened port.

You must run above command(s) as the root user.

netstat example

Type the following command:
# netstat -tulpn
Sample outputs:

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1138/mysqld
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      850/portmap
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1607/apache2
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:55091           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      910/rpc.statd
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1467/dnsmasq
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      992/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1565/cupsd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7000            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3813/transmission
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      992/sshd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      1565/cupsd
tcp6       0      0 :::7000                 :::*                    LISTEN      3813/transmission
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*                           850/portmap
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:662             0.0.0.0:*                           910/rpc.statd
udp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*                           1467/dnsmasq
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           1467/dnsmasq
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:68              0.0.0.0:*                           3697/dhclient
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:7000            0.0.0.0:*                           3813/transmission
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:54746           0.0.0.0:*                           910/rpc.statd   

TCP port 3306 was opened by mysqld process having PID # 1138. You can verify this using /proc, enter:
# ls -l /proc/1138/exe
Sample outputs:

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2010-10-29 10:20 /proc/1138/exe -> /usr/sbin/mysqld

You can use grep command to filter out information:
# netstat -tulpn | grep :80

Sample outputs:

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1607/apache2